Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, but because of a recent breakthrough, hope of treating or potentially eradicating this disease may soon be possible.

A team from McGill University and the University of California at Davis have reversed breast cancer in lab mice. Researchers say they have learned to throw a genetic switch in the mice, making genes active or inactive at will. ”Our findings suggest paths forward that may help us alter the biological path of breast cancer and more successfully treat and even potentially prevent this cancer in humans, said Robert Cardiff, professor of pathology at UC Davis and a co-author of the research.

While a better treatment for breast cancer may soon exist, it's important for women of all ages to be aware of the disease and the importance of early detection.

The chances of a woman getting breast cancer go up significantly as women age. At age 25, the odds are about 1 in 1,000; at age 50 it's 1 in 63 and by age 75, those odds increase to about 1 in 15.

Breast cancer happens when the body's cells become out of control. As tissues wear out, your body replaces cells in a controlled manner. Breast cancer – like all cancers – occurs when that control is lost, and cells begin to divide at an unusually high rate.

The first sign a woman has breast cancer is a lump or mass in the breast. It causes an unusual sensation in the area where the lump is. When a tumour grows in the milk duct, bleeding may occur from the nipple. The size and shape of the breast may change.

Early detection of breast cancer is key. Women should perform a monthly breast self-examination. Starting at age 50, women should also have mammograms and physical examinations every two years.

Finally, there are many things you can do to reduce the risk of breast cancer. Exercise regularly, eat a healthy, low-fat diet with lots of fruits and vegetables, and reduce intake of alcohol.

• The Canadian Cancer Society,www.cancer.ca
• HealthyOntario.com

November 2003

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